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In the 3000-seater Ice Arena Wales in the Cardiff International Sports Village, Cardiff Devils ,the professional ice hockey team of Cardiff played. Lined by fine villas, some backing on to Sophia Gardens, Cathedral Road was founded by the 3rd Marquis of Bute. In the north of Cardiff, Castell Coch (Red Castle) is located in Tongwynlais, in addition to Cardiff Castle. Part of the confederal University of Wales is the Cardiff Metropolitan University (formerly UWIC) with campuses in the Llandaff, Cyncoed and city centre areas.

John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, was born in 1793. He was called "the creator of modern Cardiff" after spending his life building the Cardiff docks. 1st Marquess of Bute John Stuart, married into the Herbert family in 1766 and was later found Baron Cardiff. He began renovations on Cardiff Castle in 1778. Containing some of the expensive housing in Wales are Lisvane, Cyncoed, Radyr and Rhiwbina.

At 25.5%, Canton has the LSOA (Lower Layer Super Output Area) with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in Cardiff-centre. In the entirety of Cardiff, the LSOA with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers is found in Whitchurch at 26%. Owain Glyndŵr burned Cardiff and took possession of the Castle in 1404. The £1.4 billion International Sports Village in Cardiff Bay which played a part in the London 2012 Olympics and the St David's 2 Centre and surrounding areas of Cardiff centre, are among several regeneration projects in Cardiff.

St. Fagans, Creigiau, Pentyrch, Tongwynlais and Gwaelod-y-garth are villages in the region that may be called "Rural Cardiff". The University Hospital of Wales is the largest of the seven NHS hospitals in Cardiff. The St David's Hall, Cardiff Castle, Wales Millennium Centre and the Llandaff Cathedral also makes Cardiff famous. Varying from the historical Cardiff Castle and out of town Castell Coch to the modern Wales Millennium Centre and Cardiff Bay, Cardiff has many cultural locations.

With over 12.5 million passengers passing each year, Cardiff Central railway station is the largest railway station in Wales with nine platforms. With smaller numbers in other locations in Cardiff centre, Cathays, Canton, and Cardiff Bay, the Welsh Government has its headquarters in Cardiff's Cathays Park where most of its civil servants are based. From 1910 until the end of the 2008-09 season, Cardiff City F.C. (founded 1899 as Riverside FC) played their home games at Ninian Park. A member of the Russell Group of leading research led universities is the Cardiff University, founded by Royal Charter in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, having most of its campus in Cathays and Cardiff centre.

While Cardiff's link with the Bute family came to an end in the immediate postwar years, bomb damage during the Cardiff Blitz in World War II included the devastation of Llandaff Cathedral. The St Lythans burial chamber near Wenvoe, (approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) to the west of Cardiff city centre); the Tinkinswood burial chamber, near St Nicholas (about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Cardiff city centre), the Cae'rarfau Chambered Tomb, Creigiau (about 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Cardiff city centre) and the Gwern y Cleppa Long Barrow, near Coedkernew, Newport (about 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Cardiff city centre), are all archaeological evidences from locations in and around Cardiff showing that people had settled in the area by at least around 6000 BC, during the early Neolithic; about 1,500 years before either Stonehenge or the Great Pyramid of Giza was completed.